%0 Journal Article %J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %D 2005 %T Modulation of surgical fibrosis by microbial zwitterionic polysaccharides. %A Ruiz-Perez, Begonia %A Chung, Doo R %A Sharpe, Arlene H %A Yagita, Hideo %A Kalka-Moll, Wiltrud M %A Sayegh, Mohamed H %A Kasper, Dennis L %A Tzianabos, Arthur O %K Animals %K Fibrosis %K Flow Cytometry %K Mice %K Mice, Inbred C57BL %K Polysaccharides %K Postoperative Complications %X Bacterial carbohydrates have long been considered T cell-independent antigens that primarily induce humoral immune responses. Recently, it has been demonstrated that bacterial capsules that possess a zwitterionic charge motif can activate CD4(+) T cells after processing and presentation by antigen-presenting cells. Here we show that these zwitterionic polysaccharides can prevent T helper 1-mediated fibrosis by signaling for the release of IL-10 from CD4(+) T cells in vivo. IL-10 production by these T cells and their ability to prevent fibrosis is controlled by the inducible costimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand pathway. These data demonstrate that the interaction of the zwitterionic polysaccharides with T cells results in modulation of surgical fibrosis in vivo and suggest a previously undescribed approach to "harnessing" T cell function to prevent inflammatory tissue disorders in humans. %B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A %V 102 %P 16753-8 %8 2005 Nov 15 %G eng %N 46 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16275921?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1073/pnas.0505688102