%0 Journal Article %J Cell Metab %D 2016 %T Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Proteome Remodeling Promote One-Carbon Metabolism for T Cell Activation %A Ron-Harel, Noga %A Santos, Daniel %A Ghergurovich, Jonathan M %A Sage, Peter T %A Reddy, Anita %A Lovitch, Scott B %A Dephoure, Noah %A Satterstrom, F Kyle %A Sheffer, Michal %A Spinelli, Jessica B %A Gygi, Steven %A Rabinowitz, Joshua D %A Sharpe, Arlene H %A Haigis, Marcia C %X Naive T cell stimulation activates anabolic metabolism to fuel the transition from quiescence to growth and proliferation. Here we show that naive CD4(+) T cell activation induces a unique program of mitochondrial biogenesis and remodeling. Using mass spectrometry, we quantified protein dynamics during T cell activation. We identified substantial remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome over the first 24 hr of T cell activation to generate mitochondria with a distinct metabolic signature, with one-carbon metabolism as the most induced pathway. Salvage pathways and mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism, fed by serine, contribute to purine and thymidine synthesis to enable T cell proliferation and survival. Genetic inhibition of the mitochondrial serine catabolic enzyme SHMT2 impaired T cell survival in culture and antigen-specific T cell abundance in vivo. Thus, during T cell activation, mitochondrial proteome remodeling generates specialized mitochondria with enhanced one-carbon metabolism that is critical for T cell activation and survival. %B Cell Metab %V 24 %P 104-17 %8 2016 Jul 12 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27411012?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.007