@article {542756,
	title = {CD28-independent costimulation of T cells in alloimmune responses.},
	journal = {J Immunol},
	volume = {167},
	number = {1},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001 Jul 1},
	pages = {140-6},
	abstract = {T cell costimulation by B7 molecules plays an important role in the regulation of alloimmune responses. Although both B7-1 and B7-2 bind CD28 and CTLA-4 on T cells, the role of B7-1 and B7-2 signaling through CTLA-4 in regulating alloimmune responses is incompletely understood. To address this question, we transplanted CD28-deficient mice with fully allogeneic vascularized cardiac allografts and studied the effect of selective blockade of B7-1 or B7-2. These mice reject their grafts by a mechanism that involves both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Blockade of CTLA-4 or B7-1 significantly accelerated graft rejection. In contrast, B7-2 blockade significantly prolonged allograft survival and, unexpectedly, reversed the acceleration of graft rejection caused by CTLA-4 blockade. Furthermore, B7-2 blockade prolonged graft survival in recipients that were both CD28 and CTLA-4 deficient. Our data indicate that B7-1 is the dominant ligand for CTLA-4-mediated down-regulation of alloimmune responses in vivo and suggest that B7-2 has an additional receptor other than CD28 and CTLA-4 to provide a positive costimulatory signal for T cells.},
	keywords = {Animals, Antibodies, Blocking, Antigens, CD, Antigens, CD28, Antigens, CD80, Antigens, Differentiation, CTLA-4 Antigen, Graft Rejection, Heart Transplantation, Immune Sera, Immunoconjugates, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Isoantigens, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocytes},
	issn = {0022-1767},
	author = {Yamada, A and Kishimoto, K and Dong, V M and Ho, MS and Salama, A D and Anosova, N G and Benichou, G and Mandelbrot, D A and Sharpe, A. H. and Turka, L A and Auchincloss, H and Sayegh, M H}
}
