@article {542626,
	title = {Regulation of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 expression during normal and autoimmune responses.},
	journal = {Eur J Immunol},
	volume = {33},
	number = {10},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003 Oct},
	pages = {2706-16},
	abstract = {Newer members of the B7-CD28 superfamily include the receptor PD-1 and its two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Here, we characterize the expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 in tissues of naive miceand in target organs from two models of autoimmunity, the pancreas from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and brain from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In naive mice, proteiexpression of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 was detected in the thymus, while PD-1 and PD-L1 were detected in the spleen. PD-L1, but not PD-L2, was also detected at low levels on cardiac endothelium, pancreatic islets, and syncyciotrophoblasts in the placenta. In pre-diabetic NOD mice, PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed on infiltrating cells in the pancreatic islets. Furthermore, PD-L1 was markedly up-regulated on islet cells. In brains from mice with EAE, PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 were expressed on infiltrating inflammatory cells, and PD-L1 was up-regulated on endothelium within EAE brain. The distinct expression patterns of PD-L1 and PD-L2 led us to compare their transcriptional regulation in STAT4(-/-), STAT6(-/-), or NF-kappaB p50(-/-)p65(+/-) dendritic cells (DC).PD-L2, but not PD-L1, expression was dramatically reduced in p50(-/-)p65(+/-) DC. Thus, PD-L1 and PD-L2 exhibit distinct expression patterns and are differentially regulated on the transcriptional level.},
	keywords = {Animals, Antigens, CD274, Antigens, CD80, Antigens, Surface, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Autoimmune Diseases, Blood Proteins, CHO Cells, Cricetinae, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Germinal Center, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred NOD, NF-kappa B, Peptides, Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Spleen, STAT6 Transcription Factor, Thymus Gland, Trans-Activators, Transfection, Up-Regulation},
	issn = {0014-2980},
	doi = {10.1002/eji.200324228},
	author = {Liang, Spencer C and Latchman, Yvette E and Buhlmann, Janet E and Tomczak, Michal F and Horwitz, Bruce H and Freeman, Gordon J and Sharpe, Arlene H}
}
