@article {542521,
	title = {Modulation of surgical fibrosis by microbial zwitterionic polysaccharides.},
	journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
	volume = {102},
	number = {46},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005 Nov 15},
	pages = {16753-8},
	abstract = {Bacterial carbohydrates have long been considered T cell-independent antigens that primarily induce humoral immune responses. Recently, it has been demonstrated that bacterial capsules that possess a zwitterionic charge motif can activate CD4(+) T cells after processing and presentation by antigen-presenting cells. Here we show that these zwitterionic polysaccharides can prevent T helper 1-mediated fibrosis by signaling for the release of IL-10 from CD4(+) T cells in vivo. IL-10 production by these T cells and their ability to prevent fibrosis is controlled by the inducible costimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand pathway. These data demonstrate that the interaction of the zwitterionic polysaccharides with T cells results in modulation of surgical fibrosis in vivo and suggest a previously undescribed approach to "harnessing" T cell function to prevent inflammatory tissue disorders in humans.},
	keywords = {Animals, Fibrosis, Flow Cytometry, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Polysaccharides, Postoperative Complications},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.0505688102},
	author = {Ruiz-Perez, Begonia and Chung, Doo R and Sharpe, Arlene H and Yagita, Hideo and Kalka-Moll, Wiltrud M and Sayegh, Mohamed H and Kasper, Dennis L and Tzianabos, Arthur O}
}
