@article {542476,
	title = {Reinvigorating exhausted HIV-specific T cells via PD-1-PD-1 ligand blockade.},
	journal = {J Exp Med},
	volume = {203},
	number = {10},
	year = {2006},
	month = {2006 Oct 2},
	pages = {2223-7},
	abstract = {The programmed death (PD)-1-PD-1 ligand (PD-L) pathway, which is part of the B7-CD28 family, consists of the PD-1 receptor and its two ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2. Engagement of PD-1 by its ligands inhibits immune responses, and recent work has shown that PD-1 is highly expressed on exhausted T cells during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in mice. Blockade of this pathway reinvigorates the exhausted T cells, allowing them to expand and produce effector cytokines, raising the issue of whether this pathway has been exploited by a variety of viruses during chronic infection. New studies now extend these observations to HIV infection and human disease.},
	keywords = {Animals, Antigens, CD274, Antigens, CD80, Arenaviridae Infections, Gene Expression Regulation, HIV Infections, Ligands, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Models, Immunological, Peptides, Signal Transduction, T-Lymphocytes},
	issn = {0022-1007},
	doi = {10.1084/jem.20061800},
	author = {Freeman, Gordon J and Wherry, E John and Ahmed, Rafi and Sharpe, Arlene H}
}
