@article {542346,
	title = {Constitutive neuronal expression of the immune regulator, programmed death 1 (PD-1), identified during experimental autoimmune uveitis.},
	journal = {Ocul Immunol Inflamm},
	volume = {17},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	month = {2009 Jan-Feb},
	pages = {47-55},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligation downregulates active lymphocyte responses. The authors tested whether PD-1 or its ligands are expressed in the posterior segment during active intraocular inflammation.

METHODS: Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced using interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP 161-180). Ocular inflammation was evaluated by histology and expression of PD-1 ligand tested by immunohistochemistry. PD-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western immunoblotting.

RESULTS: Using immunohistochemistry, PD-1, but not its ligands, was constitutively expressed in retinal neurons of naive mouse retina. Both PD-1 and its ligands were observed, as expected, in sites of active inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS: PD-1 and its ligands were expressed in sites of active inflammation, in accordance with many other models of inflammatory disease. Surprisingly, PD-1, not previously described outside the immune system, was constitutively expressed in retinal neurons, raising the possibility that PD-1 signaling may be important for neuronal function in the absence of an inflammatory insult.},
	keywords = {Animals, Antigens, CD274, Antigens, CD80, Antigens, Surface, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Autoimmune Diseases, Blotting, Western, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Eye Proteins, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Peptide Fragments, Peptides, Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Retinol-Binding Proteins, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Messenger, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Uveitis, Posterior},
	issn = {1744-5078},
	doi = {10.1080/09273940802491884},
	author = {Chen, Ling and Pai, Vicky and Levinson, Ralph and Sharpe, Arlene H and Freeman, Gordon J and Braun, Jonathan and Gordon, Lynn K}
}
