@article {542286,
	title = {PD-1 regulates germinal center B cell survival and the formation and affinity of long-lived plasma cells.},
	journal = {Nat Immunol},
	volume = {11},
	number = {6},
	year = {2010},
	month = {2010 Jun},
	pages = {535-42},
	abstract = {Memory B and plasma cells (PCs) are generated in the germinal center (GC). Because follicular helper T cells (T(FH) cells) have high expression of the immunoinhibitory receptor PD-1, we investigated the role of PD-1 signaling in the humoral response. We found that the PD-1 ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 were upregulated on GC B cells. Mice deficient in PD-L2 (Pdcd1lg2(-/-)), PD-L1 and PD-L2 (Cd274(-/-)Pdcd1lg2(-/-)) or PD-1 (Pdcd1(-/-)) had fewer long-lived PCs. The mechanism involved more GC cell death and less T(FH) cell cytokine production in the absence of PD-1; the effect was selective, as remaining PCs had greater affinity for antigen. PD-1 expression on T cells and PD-L2 expression on B cells controlled T(FH) cell and PC numbers. Thus, PD-1 regulates selection and survival in the GC, affecting the quantity and quality of long-lived PCs.},
	keywords = {Animals, Antigens, Surface, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Differentiation, Cell Survival, Germinal Center, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Plasma Cells, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor},
	issn = {1529-2916},
	doi = {10.1038/ni.1877},
	author = {Good-Jacobson, Kim L and Szumilas, Courtney G and Chen, Lieping and Sharpe, Arlene H and Tomayko, Mary M and Shlomchik, Mark J}
}
