@article {542031,
	title = {Ox40L-Ox40 pathway plays distinct roles in regulating Th2 responses but does not determine outcome of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania major.},
	journal = {Exp Parasitol},
	volume = {148},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015 Jan},
	pages = {49-55},
	abstract = {Ox40 ligand (Ox40L)-Ox40 pathway has been shown to enhance Th2 responses and play a role in pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania major. Using Ox40l(-/-) BALB/c mice we analyzed the role of this pathway in determining the outcome to CL caused by L.~mexicana and compared to L.~major. Contrary to our expectations, Ox40l(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to both L.~major (LV39) and L.~mexicana (M379) and developed large non-healing lesions containing parasites comparable to Ox40l(+/+) BALB/c mice. Interestingly, upon in vitro stimulation with Leishmania antigen (LmAg), the lymph node cells from L.~major infected Ox40l(-/-) mice produced significantly less IL-4 and IL-10 compared to Ox40l(+/+) mice. L.~mexicana infected Ox40l(-/-) and Ox40l(+/+) mice did not show any difference in the production of IL-4 and IL-10. No difference was noted in the amount of Th1 cytokines IFN-ү and IL-12 produced by Ox40l(-/-) and Ox40l(+/+) mice infected with either parasite. These results indicate that the Ox40L-Ox40 pathway promotes Th2 bias only in L.~major infection but not L.~mexicana infection and this pathway is not critical for susceptibility to CL.},
	keywords = {Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan, Cytokines, Female, Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, OX40 Ligand, Receptors, OX40, Th2 Cells, Virulence},
	issn = {1090-2449},
	doi = {10.1016/j.exppara.2014.11.002},
	author = {Tuladhar, Rashmi and Oghumu, Steve and Dong, Ran and Peterson, Allison and Sharpe, Arlene H and Satoskar, Abhay R}
}
