@article {1051421,
	title = {Programmed Death-1 Ligand 2-Mediated Regulation of the PD-L1 to PD-1 Axis Is Essential for Establishing CD4(+) T Cell Immunity},
	journal = {Immunity},
	volume = {45},
	number = {2},
	year = {2016},
	month = {2016 Aug 16},
	pages = {333-45},
	abstract = {Many pathogens, including Plasmodium spp., exploit the interaction of programmed death-1 (PD-1) with PD-1-ligand-1 (PD-L1) to "deactivate" T~cell functions, but the role of PD-L2 remains unclear. We studied malarial infections to understand the contribution of PD-L2 to immunity. Here we have shown that higher PD-L2 expression on blood dendritic cells, from Plasmodium falciparum-infected individuals, correlated with lower parasitemia. Mechanistic studies in mice showed that PD-L2 was indispensable for establishing effective CD4(+) T~cell immunity against malaria, because it not only inhibited PD-L1 to PD-1 activity but also increased CD3 and inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) expression on T~cells. Importantly, administration of soluble multimeric PD-L2 to mice with lethal malaria was sufficient to dramatically improve immunity and survival. These studies show immuno-regulation by PD-L2, which has the potential to be translated into an effective treatment for malaria and other diseases where T~cell immunity is ineffective or short-lived due to PD-1-mediated signaling.},
	issn = {1097-4180},
	doi = {10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.017},
	author = {Karunarathne, Deshapriya S and Horne-Debets, Joshua M and Huang, Johnny X and Faleiro, Rebecca and Leow, Chiuan Yee and Amante, Fiona and Watkins, Thomas S and Miles, John J and Dwyer, Patrick J and Stacey, Katryn J and Yarski, Michael and Poh, Chek Meng and Lee, Jason S and Cooper, Matthew A and R{\'e}nia, Laurent and Richard, Derek and McCarthy, James S and Sharpe, Arlene H and Wykes, Michelle N}
}
